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The Charlotte Friend collection provides an excellent view of the scientist as well as the non-research side of a researcher's career. These files document Dr. Friend's role as a professional involved with numerous organizations as a leader, committee member, and reviewer; as an administrator of her own lab, with the concomitant need to write and receive grants from outside funding; and, at a lessening degree as time went on, as a teacher. Dr. Friend's research efforts are harder to trace here. The natural source for this would be the research notebooks, but these are now lost, with only a few remaining in the Center for Experimental Cell Biology. In this collection, the Manuscripts Series has the finished product of this research, although this series ends in 1979. There is also the Meetings, Speeches and Notebooks Series, which shows somewhat the progress of her work. Scattered throughout the Correspondence and Alphabetical series are also fleeting references to her work. There is also a small set of glass lantern slides from 1956-1963 (Box 44) that show experimental mouse specimens and cells. These were contained in a slide box with the initials C.P.R. on the top. It seems likely that the box once belonged to Cornelius P. Rhoads, who served as Director of Memorial Hospital from 1940-1953 and was the founding Director of Sloan Kettering Institute, where he served until his death in 1959. Another facet of the collection is the insight it provides into the world of cancer research during an important era, an era which Dr. Friend herself helped propel. This was the time, starting in the 1950s, when scientists gradually turned to an acceptance of viruses as cancer causing agents in humans. The evolution of the field may be traced through the conference programs (Box 33-38), the journal articles that Dr. Friend reviewed (Box 2, Box 7-19), as well as through the correspondence and her own research. These papers also show the intimacy of the cancer research community itself, at least at the level at which Dr. Friend operated. These papers provide information on women's role in science. Dr. Friend in some ways held an unusual position. Her discovery of the Friend leukemia virus established her reputation very early in her career. Perhaps because of this, she felt that she herself was not held back by being a woman, with the exception of some wage discrimination. Still, she believed that science truly had been a man's world and that it would take conscious and steady efforts by women to change this. For her part, this involved nominating women to positions of authority in organizations; suggesting women speakers for programs; speaking out about women's issues; serving as a role model to young women from grade school to graduate school; and ultimately, by taking time from her own lab to serve in prominent positions in professional associations. The latter is reflected in the Alphabetical Series in files on the Harvey Society, the American Association for Cancer Research, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Sciences. Finally, the Charlotte Friend Papers give a great deal of insight into her as a person. She cared deeply about and was very involved with her family (Personal Series). She loved to travel, but always loved New York. She wrote letters to congressmen and mayors on issues she cared about, including support for Israel, cuts in research funding, the status of women, and abortion rights (Box 42, f.7). Her support staff loved her, and many times she functioned as a mother hen to the group. Still, she seemed to be the mentor to few graduate students, and colleagues did not remain many years in her lab. She was a complex woman whose intricacies are clearly displayed in this collection.

The files in this collection primarily cover The Mount Sinai Hospital's doctors and nurses stationed at the 3rd General Hospital. Details about Mount Sinai clinicians and staff in active duty stationed at other locations during World War II are found in the publication Grand Rounds: Memos from Mount Sinai Men to their Fellows in the Services. The records cover the time period from 1942 through 1945.

A prominent item in this collection is Ralph Moloshok's unpublished historical account. The manuscript provides a detailed chronicle of Dr. Moloshok's experiences in basic training at Camp Rucker, and his active duty at the 3rd General Hospital in North Africa. The document is approximately 400 pages long. The first 118 pages are written as a journal, with entries appearing almost daily. These entries provide in-depth descriptions of the weeks spent in basic training at Camp Rucker. The second portion of the manuscript details the move to Casablanca, and finally the order to begin duty at the 3rd General Hospital in Tunisia.

The value of this manuscript is not just in its detailed descriptions of people, living conditions and medical military life, it also includes affixed original documents outlining the officers' schedules and basic training routines, anecdotes, illustrations (with no identifiable artist attribution), and photographs from Camp Rucker, Casablanca, Italy and France.

With so much of Mount Sinai's attention and resources turned toward the war effort, the Hospital moved to address the growing interest in information about the men and women in service at the 3rd General Hospital, as well as those assigned to other units in the war. Two members of Mount Sinai's administration, Sol Weiner Ginsburg, MD and Bella Trachtenberg responded by collecting, printing, binding and distributing the letters written by doctors in the war. These quarterly editions, called Grand Rounds: Memos from Mount Sinai Men to their Fellows in the Services, became wildly popular at home and among the soldiers serving abroad and within the United States. The compilation contains World War II letters and letter excerpts from September 1943 through October 1945.

Other important items in this collection are two scrapbooks on the nursing staff's military service during World War II. One was created by the Department of Nursing, the other by the Alumnae Association of The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing. The scrapbooks include official military and hospital correspondence to and from the nursing staff in the form of letters and memoranda that range from 1942 through 1945. An interesting part of the Dept. of Nursing's scrapbook is the more casual correspondence such as greeting cards, personal notes, marriage and birth announcements, and Victory Mail (V-Mail). The greeting cards are addressed to the unit as well as to individuals. Some of the cards are hand painted. Samples of unused V-mail, intended to send holiday greetings (Mother's Day, Easter, and Christmas), are also included. Other loose items in the scrapbook include programs from amateur performances by the nurses and medical officers, concerts and religious services. The religious programs represent both Christian and Jewish faith observances at the 3rd General Hospital.

Other noteworthy scrapbook items include an original April 13, 1945 issue of Stars and Stripes announcing President Franklin D. Roosevelt's death. There are also various newsletters produced by and for the officers. These include issues of BBC News, Stethoscope 3rd General, and The Trooper. Several issues in this sampling are incomplete.

The bound pages of the scrapbook from the Alumnae Association of The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing contains numerous keepsake items, mementos from various events, and personal and official correspondence to 1st Lt. Ruth Chamberlin, who served as Chief Nurse at the 3rd General Hospital.

In addition to this print material, the collection also includes an audio recording (VM_012) and printed transcript of The Story of Two Hospitals, as recorded by Robert St. John, an NBC war correspondent, in November 1943. There is also film footage related to the 3rd General Hospital that was taken by Dr. Henry Horn, a Mount Sinai staff member who was in the Unit. This includes footage from the Unit starting in North Africa and continuing through France, including a trip to Paris and the Follies Bergère. His wife later gave the film to the Hospital. All six reels of the film were digitized in 2005.

The collection consists primarily of original pen-and-ink sketches by Phyllis Mulford ’47 that were used in the production of the Class of 1947 Yearbook. Although they were scheduled to be disposed of after printing, Ms. White retrieved them from the yearbook office, had them mounted and framed, and displayed them for many years in her home. Subjects depicted in the sketches include various scenes of nursing activity and student recreational life; a detailed list is given below.

The collection also includes a book of laboratory exercises, the Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, used by Ms. White during her time as a nursing student. It also contains a copy of Three Arches, the Class of 1947 Yearbook, with extensive inscriptions to Ms. White.

This small collection contains records documenting the professional life Marilyn Jaffe-Ruiz, EdD, RN from her graduation from The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing in 1963 until her retirement from her academic career in 2011. Included here are presentations and publications, mostly relating to Dr. Jaffe-Ruiz' long-term interest in what is today known as cultural diversity, which grew from her work on her doctoral dissertation in 1980: "An Investigation of the Relationship Between Ethnocentrism of Nursing Faculty and Their Attitudes Toward Culturally Different Patients." There are also some artifacts from her years as a student at The Mount Sinai Hospital: a cap, pin and the yearbook for the Class of 1963.

This collection consists of papers and memorabilia related to Marjory Gordon, PhD. They deal primarily with her study at and graduation from The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing, including grades, an inscribed yearbook, clippings related to events at Mount Sinai during her time there, and scraps of her student nursing uniform signed by her classmates. The collection also includes a copy of Dr. Gordon's 1982 Manual of Nursing Diagnosis inscribed to an unidentified classmate as well as her 1992 Distinguished Alumna Award from the School of Nursing Alumnae Association.
There is relatively little material in the collection related to Dr. Gordon's later research, but the collection does include a 1960 manuscript on community health education that discusses the promotion of the Salk polio vaccine in New York City. It includes attached ephemera published by the National Federation for Infantile Paralysis (later the March of Dimes.) The collection also contains a small assortment of miscellaneous material from later in Dr. Gordon's career, primarily correspondence related to conference travel.

These papers document Michael Caldwell's role in the Student Council of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (1988-90) as well as his role as the Mount Sinai representative to the Organization of Student Representatives (OSR) of the American Association of Medical Colleges (1987-90). While serving on the Council, Caldwell spearheaded a movement to ensure that Mount Sinai became a smoke free environment. The Council passed a resolution, and Caldwell gathered information on making hospitals smoke free. He spoke to the Medical Board and was appointed to an institutional task force to make changes in this area.
These papers provide insights into the concerns of students during this time, as well as Caldwell's own interests in public health. The minutes from the Student Council have been removed to series.

Please review the notes under the individual series below. For additional information on that series, go to https://libguides.mssm.edu/catalog and enter the OCLC # provided to read the catalog record for that series.

The documents comprising the Roosevelt Hospital School of Nursing Records Collection reflect the school’s inception, growth, and affairs for much of its 78 year existence (1896-1974). The collection is particularly rich in photographs, which include directors and other principals of the school as well as graduating classes.

The Alumnae Association Bulletin, subsequently the Roosevelt Review, remains a primary and exceptionally rich source of information, not only for the school’s affairs, but also for much of Roosevelt Hospital’s history and activities during that period.

This small collection has five series: School of Nursing records, the Alumnae Association records, Alumnae Papers, Artifacts and Photographs. The School of Nursing series is 14 folders of basic information about the School, the highlights of which are the annual announcements catalogs (folders 2-5) outlining the entrance requirements and the curriculum, and the Triennium, the class yearbooks for 1951, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1968, 1973, and 1974. The proposal by the New York Infant Asylum to provide obstetric training is also of note as it provides a detailed list of areas of instruction for 1895 (folder 9). Student transcripts from 1941-1974 are also included in this collection; please see note under that series for details.

Significant records in The Alumnae Association series are the annual reports for the Association and a nearly complete run of the Association’s Bulletin, providing news of its members and of the Hospital. (Note that a number of annual reports are published in particular Bulletin issues, which are clearly noted in the container list. Also note that an appendix listing all of the Bulletins in the collection, along with a list of all the directresses, can be found at https://archives.mssm.edu/downloads/aa149.pdf) Also of significance are the three volumes of Alumnae Rosters, the first of which contains a short history of the School. These books and the two volumes of the Alumnae Association annual reports are behind all the folders in box 2. Photographs of Alumnae are also included in the collection; however, they are filed in the larger St. Luke’s Hospital series of the Photograph Collection. A scrapbook of snap shots of student nurses around 1953-1955 is also found in the artifacts.

The Alumnae Papers consists of materials donated by the School’s graduates and may include bulletins, pamphlets, yearbooks, artifacts such as uniforms or graduate pins, invitations and other materials. This series is arranged by donation date.

Artifacts include a complete student nurse’s uniform, with its distinctive wool cape and the School's graduate pin.