History, 20th Century

Elements area

Taxonomy

Code

D049673

Scope note(s)

  • Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

Source note(s)

  • Medical Subject Headings

Display note(s)

    Hierarchical terms

    History, 20th Century

    Equivalent terms

    History, 20th Century

    • UF 20th Cent. History
    • UF 20th Century History
    • UF Historical Events, 20th Century
    • UF History of Medicine, 20th Cent.
    • UF History, Twentieth Century

    Associated terms

    History, 20th Century

      47 Archival description results for History, 20th Century

      1 results directly related Exclude narrower terms
      US AA014 · Collection · 1916-1943

      This collection consists of nearly 200 photographs of World War I soldiers, evacuation hospitals, field hospitals and areas of France taken by the U.S. Signal Corps., and maps and documents used by Col. Lyle in the course of his command. (The photographs have been integrated into the Mount Sinai Photograph Collection.)

      Lyle, Henry H. M.
      US AA045 · Collection · 1942-1945

      The files in this collection primarily cover The Mount Sinai Hospital's doctors and nurses stationed at the 3rd General Hospital. Details about Mount Sinai clinicians and staff in active duty stationed at other locations during World War II are found in the publication Grand Rounds: Memos from Mount Sinai Men to their Fellows in the Services. The records cover the time period from 1942 through 1945.

      A prominent item in this collection is Ralph Moloshok's unpublished historical account. The manuscript provides a detailed chronicle of Dr. Moloshok's experiences in basic training at Camp Rucker, and his active duty at the 3rd General Hospital in North Africa. The document is approximately 400 pages long. The first 118 pages are written as a journal, with entries appearing almost daily. These entries provide in-depth descriptions of the weeks spent in basic training at Camp Rucker. The second portion of the manuscript details the move to Casablanca, and finally the order to begin duty at the 3rd General Hospital in Tunisia.

      The value of this manuscript is not just in its detailed descriptions of people, living conditions and medical military life, it also includes affixed original documents outlining the officers' schedules and basic training routines, anecdotes, illustrations (with no identifiable artist attribution), and photographs from Camp Rucker, Casablanca, Italy and France.

      With so much of Mount Sinai's attention and resources turned toward the war effort, the Hospital moved to address the growing interest in information about the men and women in service at the 3rd General Hospital, as well as those assigned to other units in the war. Two members of Mount Sinai's administration, Sol Weiner Ginsburg, MD and Bella Trachtenberg responded by collecting, printing, binding and distributing the letters written by doctors in the war. These quarterly editions, called Grand Rounds: Memos from Mount Sinai Men to their Fellows in the Services, became wildly popular at home and among the soldiers serving abroad and within the United States. The compilation contains World War II letters and letter excerpts from September 1943 through October 1945.

      Other important items in this collection are two scrapbooks on the nursing staff's military service during World War II. One was created by the Department of Nursing, the other by the Alumnae Association of The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing. The scrapbooks include official military and hospital correspondence to and from the nursing staff in the form of letters and memoranda that range from 1942 through 1945. An interesting part of the Dept. of Nursing's scrapbook is the more casual correspondence such as greeting cards, personal notes, marriage and birth announcements, and Victory Mail (V-Mail). The greeting cards are addressed to the unit as well as to individuals. Some of the cards are hand painted. Samples of unused V-mail, intended to send holiday greetings (Mother's Day, Easter, and Christmas), are also included. Other loose items in the scrapbook include programs from amateur performances by the nurses and medical officers, concerts and religious services. The religious programs represent both Christian and Jewish faith observances at the 3rd General Hospital.

      Other noteworthy scrapbook items include an original April 13, 1945 issue of Stars and Stripes announcing President Franklin D. Roosevelt's death. There are also various newsletters produced by and for the officers. These include issues of BBC News, Stethoscope 3rd General, and The Trooper. Several issues in this sampling are incomplete.

      The bound pages of the scrapbook from the Alumnae Association of The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing contains numerous keepsake items, mementos from various events, and personal and official correspondence to 1st Lt. Ruth Chamberlin, who served as Chief Nurse at the 3rd General Hospital.

      In addition to this print material, the collection also includes an audio recording (VM_012) and printed transcript of The Story of Two Hospitals, as recorded by Robert St. John, an NBC war correspondent, in November 1943. There is also film footage related to the 3rd General Hospital that was taken by Dr. Henry Horn, a Mount Sinai staff member who was in the Unit. This includes footage from the Unit starting in North Africa and continuing through France, including a trip to Paris and the Follies Bergère. His wife later gave the film to the Hospital. All six reels of the film were digitized in 2005.

      United States. Army. General Hospital, 3rd
      US AA097.S004.SS022 · Subseries · 1930-1966
      Part of Mount Sinai Hospital records

      This series includes the records of the Office of Public Relations up to 1966 when Beryl Reubens was hired. There are records from when the following people were in charge of the function: Roman Slobodin (1942-44), Edith Behrens (1944), Leon Jacobson (19?-1962), Shel Sukoff (1962-?) and Jan Tyroler (1964-65).

      There are many interesting aspects to this collection, including how it demonstrates the role of the Trustees in the life of the Hospital as well as how the functions of publicity and fund raising were handled. Initially combined, these two duties were separated in 1967 when the first full-time Director of Development was hired. Other strengths are the light the papers shed on the Hospital during World War II, and how the Hospital described itself through its publications and press activities. There are interesting glimpses of important Mount Sinai scientists as the Public Relations Office interviewed and researched them for their press efforts.

      Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, N.Y.). Department of Public Relations
      US AA039 · Collection · 1937-1979

      This collection consists primarily of correspondence, documents, photographs and memorabilia dating from Esther Winkler Shapiro’s service as a U.S. Army nurse on the Pacific front during the Second World War, with a smaller assortment of material dating from her time as a nursing student at The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing. Memorabilia include a World War II Army Nurse Corps uniform and cap, a Japanese flag, and Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing caps. The collection include a shipboard newsletter from the U.S.S. Repose and a hospital newspaper from Thomas M. England General Hospital, locations where Shapiro served.

      Shapiro, Esther Winkler
      US AA107.INT012 · File · 1985-10-31
      Part of Collection of Mount Sinai Hospital-related oral histories

      This is a recording of the oral history of Bella Trachtenberg conducted by Albert S. Lyons on October 31st, 1985. Some of the significant topics represented in this oral history include: working as a stenographer; stories from life in France while working in the laboratory at Base Hospital No. 3 AEF during World War I; her experiences with and opinion of the men of the Board of Trustees and Medical Board; recalling controversies and tensions between surgeons, as well as the first and second woman externs, Isabel Beck (finished training in 1924) and Gertrude Felshin (class of 1925), and the first woman intern Rose Speigel; and George Baehr’s work with the Consultation Serivces and early animal kidney transplants, including her own role in Baehr’s kidney transplants as an anesthesiologist.

      The recording begins in mid-sentence without context.

      Trachtenberg, Bella

      Dr. Ennio Gallozzi, an anesthesiologist who was born, raised, and trained in Rome, Italy, discusses his life, and how he came to study in the US and continue training at St. Luke’s as a resident in anesthesiology, eventually spending 44 years at the hospital. He mentions life growing up under Mussolini, and the devastation WWII wrought on Rome, and includes stories about colleagues and family life.

      Gallozzi, Ennio
      US AA107.INT022 · File · 1974-10-09
      Part of Collection of Mount Sinai Hospital-related oral histories

      Horace L. Hodes, MD (1907-1989) served as Director of the Pediatrics Department at The Mount Sinai Hospital from 1949-1976 and as Herbert H. Lehman Professor and Chairman of Pediatrics at Mount Sinai School of Medicine from 1965-1976. He is interviewed by Albert S. Lyons, MD, Archivist at The Mount Sinai Medical Center. In this interview, Dr. Hodes discusses his career; his research work; his military service during World War II as part of the Rockefeller University unit; the efforts at The Mount Sinai Hospital to create Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Hans Popper, MD, PhD, Gustave L. Levy, Chairman of the Mount Sinai Board of Trustees; and the Department of Pediatrics at Mount Sinai.

      Hodes, Horace L. (Horace Louis)

      Dr. Jeanne Baer describes her family’s background in Germany and France in the years leading up to World War II, their life evading German troops in France, and their move to the US in 1948. She discusses her schooling in Pennsylvania, and her acceptance and training experiences in medical school through her residency in medicine. She provides interesting details of training in the 1960s including fellowship training in gastroenterology and finally her appointment to the radiology department at St. Luke’s Hospital and the work she did there. Baer particularly mentions Dr. Virginia Kanick with whom she formed a close friendship and training in the 60s and 70s as a woman in what was a man’s field.

      Baer, Jeanne

      In part one of a two-part interview, Dr. Braun recounts her childhood in Shanghai, China during the third Japanese invasion, before the World War II. She discusses her family's struggles to escape the war, her father and grandfather's relationship with the U.S.; her grandfather's various diplomatic roles for China and the Kuomintang; her parents' meeting in the US (her mother is from Poland) and their lives after marriage.

      Braun, Norma M.T.
      John H. Garlock, MD papers
      US AA013 · Collection · 1915-1967

      This small collection spans the career of Dr. Garlock: from medical school material, to ambulance duty logs from his internship at New York Hospital, photographs and some case reports on plastic surgery patients, private practice patient records, Operative Clinic presentations he made as Chief of Surgical Service at Mount Sinai, to the book on surgery of the alimentary tract that was published after his death.
      While the range is wide, the records still only provide a surface picture of the man. The detailed notes and sometimes colorful drawings that Dr. Garlock created in medical school speak to his attention to detail. The early volumes are labeled "John Harry Garlock." He also noted a change of address on the notebooks from 346 W. 56th Street to 180 Claremont Avenue. This move happened during his medical school years.
      His surgical acumen and style are brought out in the patient files and transcripts of the surgical clinics. The latter also give a glimpse into early plastic surgery at New York Hospital and The Mount Sinai Hospital. It was Dr. Garlock who helped establish plastic surgery as a surgical specialty here. The clinics were ended in January of 1943 for the duration of the War because there was a problem obtaining a sufficient number of orderlies.
      Also instructive for insights into Dr. Garlock are the correspondence files, one with colleagues (Box 1, f.6) and the other with patients (Box 2, f.6). The ambulance log books in Box 1 show Dr. Garlock's keen eye for his surroundings and provide wonderful details on the people he treated and the treatments of the day.
      Of note, too, is a series of letters Dr. William Hitzig wrote on behalf of Dr. Garlock when the latter was planning a trip to India. Dr. Hitzig had many connections there and wrote letters of introduction for the Garlocks. There is also a series of letters regarding a controversy between Drs. Sigmund Mage and Richard Lewisohn. (Box 1, f.9)
      The patient records found here are only a portion of the files maintained by Dr. Garlock at his office. At his death, the records were divided among Dr. Garlock's junior colleagues. Many of those included here are the records of ileostomy and colostomy patients that were taken by Dr. Albert S. Lyons.
      This collection contains some photographs, many of which are large and mounted. Thirteen posed publicity photos of unknown musicians and dancers were removed and sent to the Lincoln Center Archives for inclusion in their collections.

      Garlock, John H.
      US AA088.S003.SS001.B004.F032.I027 · Item · 1918-10-31
      Part of Mount Sinai Beth Israel records

      Topics include status of Beth Israel doctors following the end of World War I, discussion of progress on the new hospital building at Livingston Place (the future Dazian Pavilion), staffing shortages at the hospital, and the ongoing Influenza Epidemic of 1918.

      Frank, Louis J.