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Toros Kapoian, MD was a member of the Class of 1990 of Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

Edwin Dennis Kilbourne was the Distinguished Service Professor and the First Chairman of the Department of Microbiology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine (1968-1987).

Dr. Kilbourne was born in Buffalo, New York on July 10th, 1920 and spent most of his life living in New York City and Connecticut. He spent the first five years of life in the Dominican Republic, then Santo Dominico, since his father was in the sugar business. He received his undergraduate's degree from Cornell University in 1942 and his medical degree from Cornell University Medical College in 1944.

He did his residency at New York Hospital and did two years of service in the Army at Fort Monmouth in New Jersey. At Fort Monmouth there was an influenza epidemic in 1947 which honed his interest in the disease. Dr. Kilbourne studied with Frank Horsfall, Jr., MD as a researcher at Rockefeller Institute for three years before joining the faculty at Tulane Service of Charity Hospital (1951-1955) where he was Associate Professor of Medicine and married in 1952. He then worked at Cornell University Medical College where he was Associate Professor of Public Health (1955-1968). In both positions he ran a division of virus research. He began treating flu patients during the 1957 pandemic and published landmark studies on the influenza virus, including the use of genetic recombinants (1969) and was one of a few scientists world-wide who annually studied the changes in the influenza virus in order to develop new vaccines.

On January 1st, 1969, he joined the faculty at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine as the First Chairman of the Department of Microbiology (1969-1987). Dr. Kilbourne’s microbiology laboratory at Mount Sinai was where all the commercially used vaccines since 1971 had their genesis until at least 1989. He left Mount Sinai in 1999 after working as the Distinguished Service Professor (1987-1999) to become Research Professor of Microbiology at the New York Medical College. He passed away in 2011 at the age of 90 and was survived by his wife, four sons, and many grandchildren.

Robert Lazzarini, PhD was the founding Director of the Brookdale Center for Molecular Biology at Mount Sinai from 1988 to 1998 and worked with Ken Davis, MD overseeing the space utilization at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

Dr. Lazzarini was born in New York City and moved to California at the age of nine. He received his bachelor’s degree in chemistry and his master’s degree in biological chemistry at the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1960, he went to John Hopkins for his post-doctoral training and finished his training at the National Institute of Health (NIH). He worked at NIH for 25 years. He began there as a staff fellow of the National Institute of Dental Research but quickly changed over to the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINCDS). There he became the head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and later, in 1981, became the Chief of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics. He was recruited by Mount Sinai in 1988 to be the founding Director of the Brookdale Center for Molecular Biology, which gained international recognition. He stepped down as director in 1998 and the Center was absorbed into the Biochemistry Department. In his final years before retirement, he worked with Ken Davis, MD, who was then the Dean of Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Together, they oversaw space utilization and reallocation.

Gustave L. Levy was Chairman and then President of the Mount Sinai institutions from 1962-1976. Gustave Lehmann Levy became a trustee of The Mount Sinai Hospital in 1960. At his death on November 3, 1976, he was Chairman of the Boards of the Mount Sinai Medical Center, The Mount Sinai Hospital, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Gustave Levy was born in New Orleans on May 23, 1910. He was educated at Tulane University and took his first job on Wall Street in 1928. He spent the rest of his life working in the financial district of New York. He became a partner at Goldman, Sachs and Company in 1946 and was still with that firm at his death. In 1934 he married Janet Wolf. They had two children: Peter A. and Betty Levy Hess. Mr. Levy was very involved in philanthropic activities. The list of organizations he worked with, or was an officer of, is tremendous. Of note here is his work with the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New York, beginning in 1954, and the United Jewish Appeal of Greater New York, Inc., from 1968. During his years at Mount Sinai Mr. Levy oversaw the most intense period of change in the institution's history. When he became a trustee in 1960, the planning for the medical school was in its initial stages. The ensuing years, with Levy as President and then Chairman, saw the establishment of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, the achievement of a university affiliation, the $154 million fundraising effort for the medical school building and endowment, the planning and erection of the Annenberg Building (in recognition of Mr. Levy's contributions the library was named after him and his wife), the purchase and renovation of the Cummings Basic Science Building, the recruitment of faculty including the first Dean of the medical school, and the graduation of the first classes of medical students. On October 26, 1976 Gustave Levy suffered a stroke while attending a meeting of the Commissioners of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. He died at Mount Sinai Hospital on November 3. He was 66 years old.

Arthur W. Ludwig was born in Brooklyn on December 20, 1918. He attended Columbia College (Class of 1939) and received his M.D. degree from New York University College of Medicine in 1943, where he was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha. He did a brief internship at The Mount Sinai Hospital before entering active duty in the United States Navy. He was discharged in 1946 with the rank of Lieutenant (Senior Grade). After a six month basic science course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, he returned to Mount Sinai to finish his residency, which he completed in April 1948. He then held a research fellowship in Pathology at the Hospital until June 1949. He continued research while developing his private practice. He published on the effects of testosterone and estrogen inhibition in animal models, as well as studies of the pathogenesis of exophthalmos and histogenesis of myxedema.

Dr. Ludwig held several clinical and teaching positions at The Mount Sinai Hospital and later the School of Medicine. He served in the Endocrinology clinic from 1949-55 and was Chief of the Diagnostic Clinic in the mid-1950s. He achieved the rank of Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine in 1978. He was also an Attending Physician at the Doctor's Hospital from 1952-89. Throughout his many years of service, Dr. Ludwig also maintained a very active private practice. Dr. Ludwig died on June 4, 1999.
As noted in a November 2000 letter from Barry Coller, MD, Chairman of Medicine; Arthur H. Aufses, Jr., MD, Professor of Health Policy and Surgery; and Mrs. Arthur W. Ludwig announcing the creation at Mount Sinai of the Arthur W. Ludwig Lectureship in Humanism in Medicine: "Not only did Arthur Ludwig practice the science of medicine, he practiced the art of medicine. He listened to his patients, and was a superb physician in the true sense of the word. A marvelous diagnostician, his judgment was uncanny, and he insisted on the very best for his patients."

A native of New York City, Albert S. Lyons was born in 1912 and graduated from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1936. After completing a two-year surgical internship at Beth Israel Hospital, he trained as a surgical resident at Mount Sinai under the tutelage of Dr. John Garlock. He went on to a long career as a surgeon at Mount Sinai, serving as Chief of the Intestinal Rehabilitation Clinic at The Mount Sinai Hospital and as Clinical Professor of Surgery at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He also maintained a private practice and served as an attending surgeon at several other hospitals, including the Cabrini Medical Center from 1955 to 1978 and the Elmhurst City Hospital from 1966 to 1984.

As Chief of the Intestinal Rehabilitation Clinic, Dr. Lyons played a major role in the establishment of patient self-help groups to help surgical patients cope with the challenges of life after surgery. In 1951 he helped a group of ileostomy patients at Mount Sinai organize a club to boost morale and help one another; nicknamed the “QT Club” after the letters of the surgical wards where patients recovered after their ostomies, the group proved a success, and in 1952 Dr. Lyons published an article on the club in the Journal of the American Medical Association that inspired the formation of similar groups throughout the United States. In 1963, representatives of ostomate self-help groups from across the U.S. and Canada met for the founding convention of the United Ostomy Association (UOA). Dr. Lyons served for many years as the UOA’s Medical Advisor, and when an International Ostomy Association (IOA) was formed in 1978, he served as a member of its medical board. In 1983 he was the first recipient of the Archie Vinitsky Award, the IOA’s highest honor. Throughout his life he gave generously of his time to help ostomy groups across North America and the world.

Dr. Lyons was active in many regional and national professional associations. He was a founding member of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, a Governor of the New York Area of the American College of Gastroenterology, and an active member of the New York Surgical Society. He served from 1963 to 1971 as Chairman of the Public Relations Committee of the New York County Medical Society, from 1971 to 1973 as the Society’s Assistant Secretary, and from 1973 to 1978 as its Secretary. In the early 1970s he chaired the New York State Medical Society’s Ad Hoc Committee to Study Professional Medical Liability Insurance, and in the late 1970s he was active in the American Cancer Society as Chairman of the New York Division’s Committee on Rehabilitation and Service. He was also an active member of the Physicians’ Wine Appreciation Society.

In addition to his surgical and professional accomplishments, Dr. Lyons was a passionate scholar of the history of medicine. During the early years of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine he was an active advocate of a strong role for history in the medical curriculum. He taught seminars in medical history and arranged a regular lecture series that brought many distinguished medical historians to the Mount Sinai campus. He served for many years as President of the Medical Archivists of New York and was President from 1970 to 1972 of the Friends of the Rare Book Room at The New York Academy of Medicine. His involvement with medical history led him to an engagement with the broader historical profession; he was a founding member of the Oral History Association and served as Chairman of its Nominating Committee. In 1978 he published a lavishly illustrated volume, Medicine: An Illustrated History (New York: Harry N. Abrams Publishing), which brought together the work of many scholars to create a comprehensive history of medicine from ancient times to the present.

Dr. Lyons’s interest in medical history led him to establish the Mount Sinai Archives in 1966 so that the history of the Hospital (and, later, of the Medical School) could be preserved for future generations. In 1986 he obtained the approval of the President of Mount Sinai to hire a professional archivist and establish the Archives on a formal basis within the Levy Library.

Following the success of Medicine: An Illustrated History, Dr. Lyons turned his attention to other historical subjects. His interest in pre-scientific methods of medical prognosis led to a broader interest in the enduring human desire to know the future, inspiring him to carry out an extensive study of pre-modern fortunetelling methods such as tarot cards and astrology. In 1991 he published Predicting The Future: An Illustrated History and Guide to the Techniques, a lavish volume in the same format as his previous book on medicine. In correspondence with his agent at Harry N. Abrams Publishing he proposed an ambitious series of illustrated historical volumes covering all the major milestones of human life, including birth, childhood, marriage and death; although none of these books were completed, he accumulated an extensive collection of reference material on these subjects.

After his retirement from surgery, Dr. Lyons stayed active in medicine by working as a reviewer of workmen’s compensation cases while continuing to pursue his interest in history and the Archives. In 1974 he was awarded the Jacobi Medallion by the Associated Alumni of Mount Sinai, which he had served as President in 1969-1970, for his dedication to the Hospital and the School of Medicine. He died in 2006 after over 60 years of service to Mount Sinai.